System Surroundings and Types of Systems - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET
Chapter: Thermodynamics | Topic: System Surroundings and Types of Systems
SYSTEM SURROUNDINGS AND TYPES OF SYSTEMS - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET
Topic: System Surroundings and Types of Systems
Multiple Choice Questions
Q1. Which of the following correctly defines the surroundings in thermodynamics?
- The part of the universe where the reaction is being studied
- Everything in the universe except the system under study
- Only the reactants involved in a chemical reaction
- The container in which a reaction takes place
Q2. A cup of hot tea placed on a table in an open room represents which type of system?
- Isolated system
- Closed system
- Open system
- Adiabatic system
Q3. In which type of system can neither matter nor energy be exchanged with the surroundings?
- Open system
- Closed system
- Isolated system
- Homogeneous system
Q4. A pressure cooker with its lid tightly sealed and placed on a stove is an example of:
- An open system because steam can escape through the whistle
- A closed system because matter cannot escape but heat can be exchanged
- An isolated system because neither matter nor heat can escape
- A heterogeneous system because it contains both liquid and gas
Q5. Which of the following is an example of a closed system?
- A boiling kettle with its lid open
- A human body
- Hot water in a sealed thermos flask
- A burning candle in an open room
Q6. A reaction is carried out in a sealed, rigid, insulated container. This represents:
- An open system
- A closed system
- An isolated system
- A homogeneous system
Short Answer Questions
Q7. Define the terms 'system' and 'surroundings' in thermodynamics. How are they related to each other?
Q8. Distinguish between an open system, a closed system, and an isolated system with one suitable example for each.
Q9. Why is a burning candle considered an open system? Explain in terms of matter and energy exchange.
Q10. A student carries out a reaction in a test tube open to the atmosphere. Identify the type of system and explain what can be exchanged between the system and surroundings.
Q11. Classify the following as open, closed, or isolated systems:
(a) Water boiling in an open beaker
(b) A gas in a sealed, rigid, insulated cylinder
(c) A plant leaf undergoing photosynthesis
(d) Hot coffee in a thermos flask with the lid tightly closed
Q12. Explain why a pressure cooker with its whistle releasing steam is considered an open system, while the same pressure cooker before the whistle opens can be considered a closed system.
Long Answer Questions
Q13. (a) Define a thermodynamic system and its surroundings with a clear diagram.
(b) Explain the three types of thermodynamic systems — open, closed, and isolated — with two real-life examples for each type.
(c) Why is it practically impossible to achieve a perfectly isolated system? Give reasons.
Q14. (a) Differentiate between a homogeneous system and a heterogeneous system with examples.
(b) A student observes a reaction taking place in a beaker. The beaker is covered with a watch glass but not sealed. Classify this as a system and justify your answer by discussing what can and cannot be exchanged with the surroundings.
(c) Suggest how you can convert an open system into a closed system using a simple laboratory setup.
Q15. (a) Explain the concept of boundary in a thermodynamic system. How does the nature of the boundary (diathermic vs. adiabatic) affect the classification of a system?
(b) A reaction is carried out in a container with adiabatic walls but an open top. What type of system is this? Explain what exchanges are possible and what are not.
(c) In the Indian context, give an example of each type of system from daily life (kitchen, household, or school) and explain your reasoning.
Numerical / Application-Based Problems
Q16. A student sets up the following experiments in the school laboratory. Classify each as an open, closed, or isolated system and justify your classification with reasoning:
(a) Dilution of sulphuric acid in an open beaker
(b) A neutralisation reaction carried out in a sealed, insulated Dewar flask
(c) Evaporation of acetone from an open petri dish
(d) Fermentation of glucose in a closed, insulated container
For each case, clearly state what is exchanged (matter, energy, both, or neither) between the system and surroundings.
Q17. Consider the following scenarios from daily life in India. For each scenario, identify the system, the surroundings, and the type of system. Also, explain what exchanges occur:
(a) Making chai (tea) in an open pan on a gas stove
(b) Storing ice cream in a thermocol box with a tight lid during a summer picnic
(c) A pressure cooker cooking dal with the whistle releasing steam
(d) A solar cooker with a glass lid placed in sunlight
Q18. A research laboratory needs to carry out a highly exothermic reaction. The scientists have three options for the reaction vessel:
Vessel A: An open beaker
Vessel B: A sealed metal container (not insulated)
Vessel C: A sealed, insulated, vacuum-jacketed container
(a) Classify each vessel as an open, closed, or isolated system.
(b) Which vessel would be most suitable if the scientists want to prevent heat loss to the surroundings? Justify your answer.
(c) Which vessel would allow the scientists to collect and measure the gases produced? Explain.
(d) If the reaction produces a toxic gas, which vessel would be the safest choice and why?