Homologous and Analogous Organs_Unsolved Paper
Chapter: Heredity and Evolution | Topic: Homologous and Analogous Organs
HOMOLOGOUS AND ANALOGOUS ORGANS_UNSOLVED PAPER
Topic: Homologous and Analogous Organs
Q1. Organs that have a similar basic structural design but perform different functions are called:
- Analogous organs
- Homologous organs
- Vestigial organs
- Respiratory organs
Q2.Which pair represents homologous organs?
- Wings of a bird and wings of a butterfly
- Forelimbs of a human and forelimbs of a whale
- Wings of a bird and fins of a fish
- Flippers of a penguin and wings of a butterfly
Q3. Analogous organs generally have:
- Similar basic structure and different functions
- Different basic structure but similar functions
- Identical structure and identical functions
- No function in the organism
Q4.Which observation provides evidence of divergent evolution?
- Similar basic structures performing different functions
- Completely unrelated structures performing different functions
- Similar functions performed by unrelated structures
- Absence of variations in organisms
Q5. The wings of a bird and the wings of an insect are considered analogous because they:
- Have exactly the same internal structure
- Perform a similar function but have different structural origins
- Develop from identical embryonic structures
- Have the same number of bones
Q6. Which pair is most suitable for studying analogous organs?
- Arm of a human and forelimb of a horse
- Forelimb of a whale and wing of a bat
- Wing of a bird and wing of an insect
- Arm of a human and flipper of a seal
Short questions
Q1. Define homologous organs and state what they indicate about evolutionary relationships.
Q2. Define analogous organs with one suitable example.
Q3. Why are the forelimbs of humans, whales, and bats considered homologous structures?
Q4. How are homologous and analogous organs different from each other?
Q5. Imagine that a student compares the front limbs of a human and a horse during a school biology activity. Both contain similar types of bones but are used differently.
Which type of organs are being studied, and what could their similarity suggest?
Q6. A bird uses its wings for flying, while an insect also uses wings for flying. Their wings perform a similar function.
Why should their similar function alone not be used to conclude that they have the same evolutionary origin?
Q1. Explain the meaning of homologous organs. Describe how their structure and function can differ and explain how they provide evidence for evolution.
Q2. Explain the meaning of analogous organs. How can similarities in function despite differences in basic structure help scientists understand evolution?
Q3. Consider the following pairs:
Forelimb of a human and forelimb of a whale
Wing of a bird and wing of an insect
Forelimb of a horse and flipper of a seal
Classify these examples as appropriate and explain how the structural and functional similarities or differences can provide evidence about evolutionary relationships.
application-based questions
Q1. A student studies 20 examples of animal organs and identifies:
12 examples with similar basic structures but different functions
8 examples with different basic structures but similar functions
a) What percentage of the examples belong to the first category?
b) What percentage belong to the second category?
Q2. During a biology project, students classify 30 pairs of structures:
a) Calculate the percentage of homologous pairs.
b) Calculate the percentage of analogous pairs.
Q3. A researcher examines 40 pairs of organs from different organisms. Among them, 25 pairs show similar basic structural patterns but different functions, while the remaining pairs show different structural patterns but similar functions.