Vitamins - Classification and Deficiency Diseases - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET
Chapter: Biomolecules | Topic: Vitamins Classification and Deficiency Diseases
VITAMINS - CLASSIFICATION AND DEFICIENCY DISEASES - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET
Topic: Vitamins Classification and Deficiency Diseases
Multiple Choice Questions
Q1. Vitamins are:
- Inorganic compounds required in large amounts
- Organic compounds required in small amounts
- Proteins required for growth
- Carbohydrates required for energy
Q2. Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
- Vitamin Bโ
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin Bโโ
Q3. Deficiency of vitamin C causes:
- Beriberi
- Scurvy
- Rickets
- Night blindness
Q4. Vitamin Bโโ contains:
- Iron
- Cobalt
- Zinc
- Magnesium
Q5. Which vitamin is synthesized in the human body when skin is exposed to sunlight?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin K
Q6. Night blindness is caused by the deficiency of:
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin Bโ
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
Short Answer Questions
Q7. Classify vitamins into fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. Give two examples of each.
Q8. What is the chemical name of vitamin C? Name two natural sources rich in this vitamin.
Q9. Why are vitamins required in very small quantities in the diet compared to carbohydrates and proteins?
Q10. Distinguish between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins in terms of storage in the body and excretion.
Q11. What is beriberi? Which vitamin deficiency causes it? Name one food source rich in this vitamin.
Q12. Why do strict vegetarians need to be careful about vitamin Bโโ intake? What are good sources of this vitamin for vegetarians?
Long Answer Questions
Q13. (a) What are vitamins? Why are they essential for the human body?
(b) Classify vitamins on the basis of their solubility. Give two examples of each class along with their chemical names.
(c) Why are fat-soluble vitamins stored in the body while water-soluble vitamins are not?
Q14. (a) Describe the deficiency diseases caused by the following vitamins:
(i) Vitamin A
(ii) Vitamin Bโ
(iii) Vitamin C
(iv) Vitamin D
(b) For each deficiency, name at least two food sources that can prevent it.
(c) Why is it said that "prevention is better than cure" when it comes to vitamin deficiencies?
Q15. (a) Describe the structure and function of vitamin Bโโ (cyanocobalamin). Why is it unique among vitamins?
(b) Explain why vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is called an antioxidant. What role does it play in the body?
(c) A child in a rural area shows symptoms of bow legs and delayed growth. Which vitamin deficiency might be responsible? Suggest dietary and non-dietary solutions.
Numerical / Application-Based Problems
Q16. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of certain vitamins is given below:
| Vitamin | RDA (Adult) | Major Function | Deficiency Disease |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | 900 ฮผg | Vision, immunity | ? |
| Bโ | 1.2 mg | Energy metabolism | ? |
| C | 90 mg | Collagen synthesis, antioxidant | ? |
| D | 15 ฮผg | Calcium absorption, bone health | ? |
| K | 120 ฮผg | Blood clotting | ? |
(a) Complete the table by filling in the deficiency diseases.
(b) A person consumes a diet containing 500 ฮผg of vitamin A daily. Is this sufficient? If not, what percentage of RDA is met? Suggest two Indian foods to make up the deficit.
(c) Calculate how many days a 60 mg vitamin C tablet would last if taken to meet exactly the RDA.
(d) Vitamin D is often called the "sunshine vitamin." If a person gets 10 minutes of sunlight daily, they produce about 10 ฮผg of vitamin D. How many additional minutes of sunlight are needed to meet the RDA?
(e) A patient on blood-thinning medication (warfarin) is advised to maintain consistent vitamin K intake. Why is this important?
Q17. The following information relates to vitamin deficiencies in India:
| Population Group | Common Deficiency | Symptoms | Prevention Strategy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Children in rural areas | Vitamin A | Night blindness, xerophthalmia | ? |
| Pregnant women | Iron + Folic acid | Anaemia | ? |
| Elderly | Vitamin D | Osteoporosis, fractures | ? |
| Strict vegetarians | Vitamin Bโโ | Anaemia, neurological issues | ? |
| Smokers | Vitamin C | Poor wound healing, scurvy | ? |
(a) Complete the table by suggesting prevention strategies for each group.
(b) The Indian government runs a mid-day meal scheme in schools. Which vitamins should be prioritized in this scheme and why?
(c) Amla (Indian gooseberry) contains about 700 mg of vitamin C per 100 g. How much amla should a person eat to meet the daily RDA of 90 mg?
(d) Fortification of wheat flour with folic acid is mandatory in many countries. Why is this important for women of childbearing age?
(e) Some people take excessive vitamin supplements. What are the risks of hypervitaminosis A and D?
Q18. In a school health camp, students screen children for vitamin deficiencies.
(a) A 6-year-old child has difficulty seeing in dim light and has dry, rough skin. Which vitamin deficiency is suspected? Name three Indian foods that can help.
(b) Another child shows bleeding gums and slow wound healing. The doctor suspects scurvy. Which vitamin is deficient? Why do sailors historically suffer from this disease?
(c) A teenage girl complains of fatigue and pale skin. Blood tests show low haemoglobin. The doctor prescribes iron supplements and asks her to eat green leafy vegetables. Which vitamin in these vegetables helps iron absorption?
(d) A 70-year-old man has frequent fractures. His doctor recommends calcium supplements and 30 minutes of morning sunlight. Explain the biochemical role of sunlight in bone health.
(e) The school canteen wants to design a "balanced meal" for students. Suggest a menu (one item from each food group) that covers vitamins A, Bโ, C, D, and iron.