Classification and Nomenclature - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET

Q7. Classify the following as primary, secondary, or tertiary haloalkanes:

(a) CH₃CH₂CH(Cl)CH₃

(b) (CH₃)₃CBr

(c) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂I

Q8. Distinguish between a haloalkane and a haloarene with one example of each.

Q9. What is a vicinal dihalide? How does it differ from a geminal dihalide? Give one example of each.

Q10. Write the IUPAC names of the following:

(a) CH₃CH(Cl)CH₂CH₃

(b) C₆H₅CH₂Cl

(c) CH₂=CHCH₂Br

Q11. Your chemistry teacher shows you a bottle labeled "isopropyl bromide." Write its structural formula and IUPAC name.

Q12. What is the difference between an aryl halide and an alkyl halide? Why are aryl halides less reactive than alkyl halides towards nucleophilic substitution?

Q13. (a) Classify haloalkanes based on:

(i) The number of halogen atoms

(ii) The nature of the carbon atom bonded to halogen (primary, secondary, tertiary)

(iii) The hybridization of the carbon bearing the halogen (sp³, sp², sp)

Give one example of each type.

Q14. (a) Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds:

(i) CH₃CH(Br)CH(Cl)CH₃

(ii) (CH₃)₂C(Cl)CH₂CH₃

(iii) p-ClC₆H₄NO₂

(iv) C₆H₅CH(Br)CH₃

(v) CH₂=CHCH₂Cl

(b) Write the structures of:

(i) 1-bromo-2-methylpropane

(ii) 2-chloro-3-methylbutane

(iii) 4-bromo-3-nitrotoluene

Q15. (a) What are the different types of haloalkanes based on the hybridization of the carbon atom to which the halogen is attached?

(b) Arrange the following in order of increasing reactivity towards nucleophilic substitution: CH₃CH₂Cl, CH₂=CHCl, C₆H₅Cl, CH₂=CHCH₂Cl. Give reasons for your arrangement.

Q16. A compound has the molecular formula C₄H₉Br.

(a) How many structural isomers are possible for this formula?

(b) Write the structural formula and IUPAC name of each isomer.

(c) Classify each isomer as primary, secondary, or tertiary bromide.

(d) Which isomer would you expect to be most reactive towards SN1 reactions? Give reason.

(e) Which isomer would be most reactive towards SN2 reactions? Give reason.

Q17. Consider the following compounds:

A: CH₃CH₂CH₂Cl

B: CH₃CH(Cl)CH₃

C: (CH₃)₃CCl

D: CH₂=CHCH₂Cl

E: C₆H₅Cl

F: CH₂=CHCl

(a) Classify each compound as primary, secondary, tertiary, allylic, vinylic, or aryl halide.

(b) Write the IUPAC name of each compound.

(c) Arrange A, B, and C in order of increasing boiling points. Explain your reasoning.

(d) Which compound(s) would react most readily with aqueous NaOH? Which would react least readily? Explain.

(e) Compound D is more reactive than compound A towards nucleophilic substitution, despite both being primary halides. Explain why.

Q18. In a school chemistry lab, students are given four unlabeled bottles containing:

Bottle 1: CH₃CH₂CH₂Cl (1-chloropropane)

Bottle 2: CH₃CH(Cl)CH₃ (2-chloropropane)

Bottle 3: (CH₃)₃CCl (2-chloro-2-methylpropane)

Bottle 4: C₆H₅Cl (chlorobenzene)

(a) Write the IUPAC name of each compound.

(b) A student adds each compound to a solution of AgNO₃ in ethanol. Which bottle(s) would give a white precipitate immediately? Which would not react even on heating? Explain.

(c) The teacher asks students to distinguish between Bottle 1 and Bottle 2 using a simple chemical test. Suggest a test and describe the expected observations.

(d) Which bottle contains a compound that is used as a local anaesthetic in medicine? (Name the compound only.)

(e) The students are told that one of these compounds is used to make the refrigerant Freon. Which compound is the starting material, and what halogen is added to it?