Translation - Ribosomes, tRNA, Steps - Unsolved Practice Set
Chapter: Molecular Basis of Inheritance | Topic: Translation Ribosomes tRNA Steps
TRANSLATION - RIBOSOMES, TRNA, STEPS - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET
Topic: Translation Ribosomes tRNA Steps
Multiple Choice Questions
Q1. Translation refers to the process of:
- Copying DNA into RNA
- Synthesising a protein from the mRNA sequence
- Synthesising DNA from RNA
- Packaging DNA into chromatin
Q2. The site on the ribosome where the initiator tRNA (carrying methionine) first binds is called the:
- A site
- P site
- E site
- T site
Q3. The molecule that recognises the mRNA codon through its complementary anticodon is:
- mRNA
- tRNA
- rRNA
- DNA
Q4. The enzyme responsible for attaching a specific amino acid to its corresponding tRNA molecule is called:
- DNA polymerase
- Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
- RNA polymerase
- Helicase
Q5. Translation is terminated when a ribosome encounters a:
- Start codon
- Stop codon
- Promoter
- Enhancer
Short Answer Questions
Q6. What is the role of tRNA in the process of translation?
Q7. Name the three sites found on a ribosome involved in translation, and briefly state the role of each.
Q8. What triggers the termination of translation, and which molecules are involved in this step?
Q9. Why is an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme essential for accurate protein synthesis?
Long Answer Questions
Q10. Describe the three main stages of translation - initiation, elongation, and termination - in a prokaryotic cell.
Q11. Explain the structure of a tRNA molecule, and describe how it helps ensure the correct amino acid is added during translation.
APPLICATION / ANALYSIS
Q12. A researcher introduces a mutant tRNA into a cell, one whose anticodon does not correctly match its attached amino acid. Predict what kind of error this could introduce into the proteins synthesised by ribosomes using this mutant tRNA.
Q13. If a ribosome encounters a premature stop codon partway through an mRNA sequence due to a mutation, predict what kind of protein product would result, and explain the likely consequence for the cell.