Homologous and Analogous Structures - Unsolved Practice Set
Chapter: Evolution | Topic: Homologous and Analogous Structures
HOMOLOGOUS AND ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET
Topic: Homologous and Analogous Structures
Multiple Choice Questions
Q1. Structures that have the same basic structural plan and origin, but may perform different functions, are called:
- Analogous structures
- Homologous structures
- Vestigial structures
- Connecting links
Q2. The forelimbs of a human, bat, whale, and cat are considered a classic example of:
- Analogous structures
- Homologous structures
- Convergent structures
- Vestigial structures
Q3. Structures that have different origins but perform a similar function due to similar habitat/environmental demands are called:
- Homologous structures
- Analogous structures
- Vestigial structures
- Embryonic structures
Q4. The wings of a bird and the wings of a butterfly are a classic example of:
- Homologous structures
- Analogous structures
- Vestigial structures
- Connecting links
Q5. The presence of homologous structures across different species is generally taken as evidence of:
- Divergent evolution from a common ancestor
- Convergent evolution from unrelated ancestors
- No evolutionary relationship at all
- Only artificial selection
Short Answer Questions
Q6. Define homologous structures, giving one suitable example.
Q7. Define analogous structures, giving one suitable example.
Q8. What is the key difference between divergent and convergent evolution, in relation to homology and analogy?
Q9. Why are homologous structures considered stronger evidence for common ancestry than analogous structures?
Long Answer Questions
Q10. Explain the concept of homologous structures using the example of vertebrate forelimbs, describing how they illustrate divergent evolution.
Q11. Discuss the concept of analogous structures using suitable examples, explaining how they arise through convergent evolution due to similar environmental pressures.
APPLICATION / ANALYSIS
Q12. A student compares the wing structure of a bat and a bird, and separately compares the wing structure of a bird and a butterfly. Explain which of these two comparisons represents homology and which represents analogy, giving reasons for your classification.
Q13. Dolphins (mammals) and sharks (fish) both have a similarly streamlined, torpedo-shaped body suited to fast swimming in water, despite being only distantly related. Using your understanding of analogous structures, explain why these two very different animals evolved such similar body shapes.