Chemicals - Organic Acids, Enzymes, Bioactive Molecules - Unsolved Practice Set
Chapter: Microbes in Human Welfare | Topic: Chemicals Organic Acids Enzymes Bioactive Molecules
CHEMICALS - ORGANIC ACIDS, ENZYMES, BIOACTIVE MOLECULES - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET
Topic: Chemicals Organic Acids Enzymes Bioactive Molecules
Multiple Choice Questions
Q1. Citric acid, widely used in the food industry, is commercially produced using the fungus:
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Aspergillus niger
- Penicillium notatum
- Lactobacillus
Q2. Lactic acid, used in various food and industrial applications, is commonly produced by:
- Aspergillus niger
- Lactobacillus species
- Penicillium species
- Trichoderma polysporum
Q3. Enzymes such as lipases are commonly added to detergents mainly to help:
- Remove oily/greasy stains from clothes more effectively
- Add fragrance to the detergent
- Prevent the growth of bacteria on clothes
- Increase the cost of the detergent
Q4. Streptokinase, produced by the bacterium Streptococcus, is medically important because it is used to:
- Lower blood cholesterol
- Dissolve blood clots in patients, such as those who have suffered a heart attack
- Suppress the immune system
- Tenderise meat
Q5. Statins, used to lower blood cholesterol levels, are commercially produced using the yeast:
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Monascus purpureus
- Trichoderma polysporum
- Clostridium butylicum
Short Answer Questions
Q6. Name the microorganism used to commercially produce citric acid, and mention one common application of this acid.
Q7. Give one example of an enzyme obtained from microbes that is commonly used in detergents, and explain its function.
Q8. What is streptokinase, and why is it considered medically important?
Q9. Name the immunosuppressive bioactive molecule produced by a fungus, and briefly explain why immunosuppressant drugs are medically useful.
Long Answer Questions
Q10. Discuss the industrial production and applications of organic acids obtained from microorganisms, giving suitable examples such as citric acid and lactic acid.
Q11. Explain the role of microbially-derived enzymes and bioactive molecules in everyday products and medicine, using examples like detergent enzymes, streptokinase, and statins.
APPLICATION / ANALYSIS
Q12. A detergent company advertises that their product removes tough oil and grease stains from clothes more effectively than older formulations. Using your understanding of microbial enzymes, suggest which type of enzyme might have been added to achieve this improved stain removal.
Q13. A patient who has just suffered a heart attack due to a blood clot blocking an artery is administered a drug derived from a bacterial product to help dissolve the clot quickly. Identify this bioactive molecule, and explain why its clot-dissolving property makes it valuable in emergency medical treatment.