Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET

Q7. Write the IUPAC names of the following:

(a) CH₃CH₂CHO

(b) CH₃COCH₃

(c) (CH₃)₂CHCHO

Q8. Write the structures of the following compounds:

(a) Pentan-2-one

(b) 3-methylbutanal

(c) p-methylbenzaldehyde

Q9. Distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone using their functional groups.

Q10. What is the difference between a common name and an IUPAC name? Give one example of each for an aldehyde and a ketone.

Q11. Write the IUPAC name of CH₃CH=CHCHO. What type of compound is this?

Q12. Your chemistry teacher shows you a bottle labeled "acetophenone." Write its structural formula and IUPAC name.

Q13. (a) Explain the rules for naming aldehydes according to IUPAC nomenclature.

(b) Write the IUPAC names of the following:

(i) CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CHO

(ii) CH₂=CHCHO

(iii) C₆H₅CH₂CHO

(iv) OHC-CHO

(c) What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated aldehyde?

Q14. (a) Explain the rules for naming ketones according to IUPAC nomenclature.

(b) Write the IUPAC names of the following:

(i) CH₃COCH₂CH₂CH₃

(ii) CH₃CH₂COCH₂CH₃

(iii) CH₃COCH=CH₂

(iv) C₆H₅COCH₃

(c) How do you name a compound containing both aldehyde and ketone functional groups?

Q15. (a) Write the structures of the following compounds:

(i) 2-methylpentanal

(ii) 4-oxopentanal

(iii) Cyclohexanone

(iv) Diphenyl ketone (benzophenone)

(b) A compound has the molecular formula C₅H₁₀O. How many isomeric aldehydes and ketones are possible? Draw their structures and name them.

Q16. A compound has the molecular formula C₄H₈O.

(a) How many structural isomers (aldehydes and ketones) are possible for this formula?

(b) Write the structural formula and IUPAC name of each isomer.

(c) Which isomer would react with Tollens' reagent? Which would not?

(d) Which isomer has the lowest boiling point? Give reason.

(e) A student claims that all isomers of C₄H₈O can be distinguished by their IUPAC names alone. Is this correct? Explain.

Q17. Consider the following compounds:

A: CH₃CHO

B: CH₃COCH₃

C: CH₃CH₂CHO

D: CH₃CH₂COCH₃

E: C₆H₅CHO

F: C₆H₅COCH₃

(a) Write the IUPAC name of each compound.

(b) Classify each as aliphatic aldehyde, aliphatic ketone, aromatic aldehyde, or aromatic ketone.

(c) Arrange A, C, and E in order of increasing boiling points. Explain your reasoning.

(d) Which compound(s) would give a positive iodoform test? Explain.

(e) Compound E is used in food flavouring. What flavour does it impart? (Name the flavour only.)

Q18. In a school chemistry lab, students are given four unlabeled bottles containing:

Bottle 1: CH₃CHO (ethanal)

Bottle 2: CH₃COCH₃ (propanone)

Bottle 3: CH₃CH₂CHO (propanal)

Bottle 4: C₆H₅CHO (benzaldehyde)

(a) Write the IUPAC name of each compound.

(b) A student adds Tollens' reagent to each bottle. Describe the expected observations for each bottle.

(c) The teacher asks students to distinguish between Bottle 2 and Bottle 3 using a simple chemical test. Suggest a test and describe the expected observations.

(d) Which bottle contains a compound that gives the smell of bitter almonds? Why is this smell characteristic?

(e) The students learn that one of these compounds is used as a preservative for biological specimens. Which compound is it and why? (Consider its properties.)