Types of Solutions - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET

Q7. Define the terms solute and solvent. In a solution of iodine in alcohol (tincture of iodine), identify the solute and solvent.

Q8. Classify the following solutions based on the physical state of solute and solvent:

(a) Camphor in nitrogen gas

(b) Sodium amalgam

(c) Humidity in air

(d) Carbon dioxide dissolved in water (soda water)

Q9. Differentiate between saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions with one example of each.

Q10. What is a solid solution? Give two examples and explain why alloys are considered solid solutions.

Q11. Your grandmother prepares lemonade by dissolving sugar and lemon juice in water. Classify this solution based on the number of components and the physical states involved.

Q12. Why is air considered a gaseous solution? What are the major components of air and their approximate percentages?

Q13. Discuss the various types of solutions based on the physical state of solute and solvent. Create a table showing:

(a) Gas in gas (example: air)

(b) Gas in liquid (example: soda water, aerated drinks)

(c) Liquid in liquid (example: alcohol in water, vinegar)

(d) Solid in liquid (example: salt water, sugar solution)

(e) Gas in solid (example: hydrogen in palladium)

(f) Liquid in solid (example: amalgams)

(g) Solid in solid (example: alloys, gemstones)

For each type, give one example from daily life and one industrial application.

Q14. Explain the different ways of classifying solutions:

(a) Based on the number of components — binary, ternary, quaternary solutions

(b) Based on the amount of solute — dilute, concentrated, saturated, unsaturated, supersaturated

(c) Based on the nature of solute particles — true solutions, colloidal solutions, suspensions

(d) Based on the ability to conduct electricity — electrolytic and non-electrolytic solutions

Illustrate each classification with relevant examples.

Q15. Solutions play a vital role in Indian daily life and industry. Discuss:

(a) Why saline water (NaCl solution) is used in oral rehydration therapy (ORS) during diarrhoea

(b) The use of amalgams (solid solutions of mercury) in dental fillings across India

(c) Why aerated drinks (CO₂ in water) are bottled under high pressure

(d) The role of solutions in Ayurvedic medicine (kadhas, herbal extracts) and modern pharmaceuticals

Q16. A solution is prepared by mixing 20 g of common salt (NaCl) in 180 g of water.

(a) Calculate the mass percentage of NaCl in the solution.

(b) If the density of the solution is 1.1 g/mL, calculate the volume of the solution.

(c) Classify this solution as dilute or concentrated based on your calculation.

Q17. Air is approximately a mixture of 78% N₂, 21% O₂, and 1% Ar by volume.

(a) Calculate the mole fraction of each gas in air.

(b) If the total pressure of air is 1 atm, calculate the partial pressure of oxygen.

(c) Calculate the mass of oxygen present in 100 L of air at STP.

[Given: Molar masses: N₂ = 28 g/mol, O₂ = 32 g/mol, Ar = 40 g/mol; Molar volume at STP = 22.4 L]

Q18. A jeweller in Jaipur prepares a 14-carat gold alloy containing 58.5% gold by mass, with the remainder being copper and silver.

(a) Calculate the mass of pure gold in a 50 g ring.

(b) If gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm³ and copper has 8.9 g/cm³, predict whether the alloy's density would be higher or lower than pure gold.

(c) Explain why 24-carat gold is too soft for jewellery and why alloys are used instead.