Basis of Classification - Aristotle to Whittaker - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET
Chapter: Diversity in Living Organisms | Topic: Basis of Classification Aristotle to Whittaker
BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION - ARISTOTLE TO WHITTAKER - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET
Topic: Basis of Classification Aristotle to Whittaker
Multiple Choice Questions
Q1. Aristotle classified animals based on:
- Whether they have a backbone or not
- Whether they live on land, water, or air
- Their body temperature
- Their method of reproduction
Q2. The two-kingdom classification system (Plantae and Animalia) was proposed by:
- Aristotle
- Carolus Linnaeus
- Ernst Haeckel
- R.H. Whittaker
Q3. Ernst Haeckel proposed a three-kingdom system by adding which kingdom?
- Fungi
- Protista
- Monera
- Archaea
Q4. The five-kingdom classification system was proposed by R.H. Whittaker in the year:
- 1959
- 1969
- 1979
- 1989
Q5. Whittaker's five-kingdom classification is based on:
- Only cell structure
- Only mode of nutrition
- Cell structure, body organisation, and mode of nutrition
- Only habitat
Short Answer Questions
Q6. Describe Aristotle's system of classification. What were its main limitations?
Q7. What was the basis of Linnaeus's two-kingdom classification? Why was it eventually found inadequate?
Q8. Explain the main criteria used by Whittaker for his five-kingdom classification system.
Q9. Why were fungi not placed in the plant kingdom in Whittaker's system, even though they were previously classified as plants?
Long Answer Questions
Q10. Trace the historical development of biological classification from Aristotle to Whittaker. Explain the limitations of each system that led to the development of the next.
Q11. Compare the two-kingdom, three-kingdom, four-kingdom, and five-kingdom classification systems in a tabular format. What problems did each new system solve?
APPLICATION / ANALYSIS
Q12. A biology teacher asks students to classify these organisms using Aristotle's system: Eagle, Whale, Bat, Butterfly, Lizard.
(a) How would Aristotle classify these five animals? Explain his reasoning.
(b) Using Aristotle's system, where would a penguin be classified? Does this classification accurately reflect what a penguin is?
(c) Why does Aristotle's system fail for organisms like bacteria, yeast, and Euglena?
Q13. In 1969, Whittaker proposed the five-kingdom system. Imagine you are a scientist in 1968, just before this proposal.
(a) What problems were scientists facing with the existing two-kingdom system? List THREE specific issues.
(b) Why did the discovery of electron microscopes andbiochemical techniques make a new classification system necessary?
(c) A student argues: "Whittaker's system is perfect and will never need updating." Do you agree? Give reasons.