Principles of Prevention - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET
Chapter: Why Do We Fall Ill | Topic: Principles of Prevention Vaccines Hygiene
PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET
Topic: Principles of Prevention Vaccines Hygiene
Multiple Choice Questions
Q1. Vaccines work by:
- Killing the disease-causing pathogen directly in the body
- Stimulating the body's immune system to produce antibodies and memory cells against a specific pathogen
- Providing immediate relief from disease symptoms
- Replacing lost nutrients in the body
Q2. Which of the following is an example of a vaccine?
- Paracetamol syrup
- BCG vaccine for tuberculosis
- ORS packets
- Antibiotic tablets
Q3. The general ways of preventing infectious diseases include:
- Taking antibiotics every day
- Proper hygiene, clean water, balanced diet, and vaccination
- Avoiding all contact with other people
- Sleeping for 12 hours daily
Q4. The BCG vaccine, given to newborn babies in India, protects against:
- Polio
- Tuberculosis
- Measles
- Hepatitis B
Q5. Herd immunity is achieved when:
- A large percentage of a community is vaccinated, protecting even those who cannot be vaccinated
- Everyone in the community takes antibiotics
- All diseases are completely eradicated from the world
- People avoid all crowded places forever
Short Answer Questions
Q6. What is a vaccine? Explain in simple terms how vaccination helps the body prevent disease in the future.
Q7. Name four vaccines given to children under the Universal Immunization Programme in India. Mention the disease each vaccine prevents.
Q8. Why is maintaining personal hygiene important in preventing infectious diseases? List four daily hygiene practices that can stop the spread of diseases in a school.
Q9. Explain the difference between general methods of prevention (like clean water and sanitation) and specific methods of prevention (like vaccination). Give one example of each.
Long Answer Questions
Q10. Explain the principles of prevention of diseases under two categories: general methods (proper hygiene, sanitation, nutrition, and public health measures) and specific methods (vaccination and immunization). Why is prevention considered better than cure? Give two strong reasons with examples from public health in India.
Q11. "Vaccines are among the greatest gifts of science to humanity." Discuss this statement by explaining how vaccines work (with reference to antibodies and memory cells), the success story of smallpox eradication, the importance of the Pulse Polio Programme in India, and why maintaining high vaccination coverage is essential for community protection through herd immunity.
APPLICATION / ANALYSIS
Q12. Case Study - Two Villages, Two Stories:
A health survey compared two villages in Gujarat:
Answer the following:
| Factor | Village X | Village Y |
|---|---|---|
| Children fully vaccinated | 95% | 40% |
| Clean water supply | Yes | No |
| Household toilets | 90% | 10% |
| Open defecation | None | Common |
| Garbage disposal | Proper | Open dumping |
| Disease outbreaks in last 5 years | None | Polio, diarrhoea, worm infestation |
(a) Why does Village X have no disease outbreaks? Give two interconnected reasons.
(b) Calculate the difference in vaccination coverage between the two villages. What specific disease in Village Y could have been prevented by vaccination?
(c) If Village Y achieves 80% vaccination but continues open defecation, which diseases would still be common? Why does vaccination alone not solve all health problems?
Q13. Real-Life Application - School Health Program Design:
Your school in Pune wants to become a "Healthy School." The principal asks your class to design a health program. You survey the school and find:
30% of students do not wash their hands before lunch
Water coolers are not cleaned regularly
No vaccination awareness posters
Playground has stagnant water after rain
Canteen serves uncovered food
Answer the following:
(a) Design a weekly hygiene checklist for students with at least five practical items.
(b) Suggest two specific activities the school can organise to create vaccination awareness among parents and students.
(c) Why is it essential for schools to have clean drinking water, regular cleaning of water coolers, and separate toilets for boys and girls? Connect each to disease prevention.