Endoplasmic Reticulum - Rough and Smooth - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET
Chapter: The Fundamental Unit of Life | Topic: Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough and Smooth
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM - ROUGH AND SMOOTH - UNSOLVED PRACTICE SET
Topic: Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough and Smooth
Multiple Choice Questions
Q1. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and sacs called:
- Cristae
- Cisternae
- Thylakoids
- Vesicles
Q2. Rough ER is called "rough" because it is studded with:
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
- Lysosomes
- Golgi bodies
Q3. Smooth ER does NOT have ribosomes attached to its surface. It is primarily involved in:
- Protein synthesis
- Lipid synthesis and detoxification
- Cell division
- Photosynthesis
Q4. Proteins synthesized by ribosomes on the Rough ER are destined for:
- The nucleus only
- Secretion outside the cell or insertion into membranes
- The mitochondria
- The cytoplasm only
Q5. In liver cells, the smooth ER is particularly abundant because it:
- Produces antibodies
- Detoxifies drugs and poisons
- Synthesizes haemoglobin
- Stores calcium
Short Answer Questions
Q6. Differentiate between Rough ER and Smooth ER in terms of structure and function.
Q7. What is the role of the Rough ER in protein synthesis? Explain the process of co-translational translocation.
Q8. Why is Smooth ER abundant in cells that synthesize steroid hormones? Give TWO examples of such cells.
Q9. Explain the structural relationship between the ER and the nuclear envelope.
Long Answer Questions
Q10. Draw a well-labelled diagram showing both Rough ER and Smooth ER in a cell. Explain how the structure of each type of ER supports its specific functions.
Q11. Describe the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the synthesis, folding, and transport of proteins. How does the ER quality control system ensure that only properly folded proteins are transported?
APPLICATION / ANALYSIS
Q12. A person consumes a large amount of alcohol over a long period. Doctors notice that their liver cells show an increase in smooth ER and a decrease in Rough ER.
(a) Why does prolonged alcohol consumption cause an increase in smooth ER in liver cells?
(b) Why might the decrease in Rough ER lead to reduced protein synthesis in liver cells?
(c) If this person stops drinking alcohol, what changes would you expect in their liver cells over time? Explain.
Q13. In a laboratory experiment, a researcher treats cells with a drug that blocks the synthesis of phospholipids.
(a) Which organelle would be most directly affected by this drug? Explain.
(b) How would the lack of phospholipid synthesis affect the structure and function of the cell membrane?
(c) If the drug also prevented the formation of transport vesicles from the ER, how would this affect protein transport in the cell?